Keytool Generate Certificate And Private Key
To Use keytool to Create a ServerCertificate
Keytool is a command-line utility that allows you to manage keystores, public and private keys, and SSL certificates for Java-based web servers, such as Tomcat or JBoss. Certificates and key pairs are stored in a secured keystore. This article explains how to create a new keystore and how to generate a Certificate Signing Request file using. Keytool wraps the public key in an X.509 v1 self-signed certificate. Although you must specify this information when you generate a public-private key pair with keytool, this certificate is not used by Host On-Demand or the SSH server during SSH client authentication using a public key.
Run keytool to generate a new key pair in the defaultdevelopment keystore file, keystore.jks. This exampleuses the alias server-alias to generate a new public/privatekey pair and wrap the public key into a self-signed certificate inside keystore.jks. The key pair is generated by using an algorithm oftype RSA, with a default password of changeit. For moreinformation and other examples of creating and managing keystore files, readthe keytool online help at http://download.oracle.com/javase/6/docs/technotes/tools/solaris/keytool.html.
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Note –RSA is public-key encryption technology developed by RSA DataSecurity, Inc.
From the directory in which you want to create the key pair, run keytool as shown in the following steps.
Generate the server certificate.
Type the keytool command all on one line:
When you press Enter, keytool prompts you to enterthe server name, organizational unit, organization, locality, state, and countrycode.
You must type the server name in response to keytool’sfirst prompt, in which it asks for first and last names. For testing purposes,this can be localhost.
When you run the example applications, the host (server name) specifiedin the keystore must match the host identified in the javaee.server.name property specified in the file tut-install/examples/bp-project/build.properties.
Export the generated server certificate in keystore.jks intothe file server.cer.
Type the keytool commandall on one line:
If you want to have the certificate signed by a CA, read the exampleat http://download.oracle.com/javase/6/docs/technotes/tools/solaris/keytool.html.
To add the server certificate to the truststore file, cacerts.jks, run keytool from the directory where you createdthe keystore and server certificate.
Use the following parameters:
Information on the certificate, such as that shown next, will appear:
Type yes, then press the Enter or Return key.
The following information appears:
OpenSSL Commands and SSL Keytool List
OpenSSL is an open-source implementation of SSL/TLS protocols and is considered to be one of the most versatile SSL tools. It’s a library written in C programming language that implements the basic cryptographic functions. OpenSSL has different versions for most Unix-like operating systems, which include Mac OC X, Linux, and Microsoft Windows etc.
Open SSL is normally used to generate a Certificate Signing Request (CSR) and private key for different platforms. However, it also has several different functions, which can be listed as follows. It is used to:
- View details about a CSR or a certificate
- Compare MD5 hash of a certificate and private key to ensure they match
- Verify proper installation of the certificate on a website
- Convert the certificate format
Most of the functions mentioned below can also be performed without involving OpenSSL by using these convenient SSL tools. Here, we have put together few of the most common OpenSSL commands.
General OpenSSL Commands
These are the set of commands that allow the users to generate CSRs, Certificates, Private Keys and many other miscellaneous tasks. Here, we have listed few such commands:
(1) Generate a Certificate Signing Request (CSR) and new private key
(2) Generate a self-signed certificate
(3) Create CSR based on an existing private key
(4) Create CSR based on an existing certificate
(5) Passphrase removal from a private key
SSL Check Commands
These commands are very helpful if the user wants to check the information within an SSL certificate, a Private Key, and CSR. Few online tools can also help you check CSRs and check SSL certificates.
(1) Certificate Signing Request (CSR)
(2) Private Key
(3) SSL Certificate
(4) PKCS#12 File (.pfx or .p12)
Convert Commands
As per the title, these commands help convert the certificates and keys into different formats to impart them the compatibility with specific servers types. For example, a PEM file, compatible with Apache server, can be converted to PFX (PKCS#12), after which it would be possible for it to work with Tomcat or IIS. However, you can also use the SSL Converter to change the format, without having to involve OpenSSL.
(1) Convert DER Files (.crt, .cer, .der) to PEM
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(2) Convert PEM to DER
(3) Convert PKCS #12 File (.pfx, .p12) Containing a Private Key and Certificate to PEM
To output only the private key, users can add –nocerts or –nokeys to output only the certificates.
(4) Convert PEM Certificate (File and a Private Key) to PKCS # 12 (.pfx #12)
Debugging Using OpenSSL Commands
If there are error messages popping up about your private key not matching the certificate or that the newly-installed certificate is not trusted, you can rely on one of the comments mentioned below. You can also use the SSL certificate checker tool for verifying the correct installation of an SSL certificate.
(1) Check SSL Connection (All certificates, including Intermediates, are to be displayed)
Here, all the certificates should be displayed, including the Intermediates as well.
(2) Check MD5 Hash of Public Key
This is to ensure that the public key matches with the CSR or the private key.
Keytool Generate Cert
SSL Keytool List
Java Keytool is a key and certificate management utility that allows the users to cache the certificate and manage their own private or public key pairs and certificates. Java Keytool stores all the keys and certificates in a ‘Keystore’, which is, by default, implemented as a file. It contains private keys and certificates that are essential for establishing the reliability of the primary certificate and completing a chain of trust.
Every certificate in Java Keystore has a unique pseudonym/alias. For creating a ‘Java Keystore’, you need to first create the .jks file containing only the private key in the beginning. After that, you need to generate a Certificate Signing Request (CSR) and generate a certificate from it. After this, import the certificate to the Keystore including any root certificates.
The ‘Java Keytool’ basically contains several other functions that help the users export a certificate or to view the certificate details or the list of certificates in Keystore.
Here are few important Java Keytool commands:
For Creating and Importing
These Keytool commands allow users to create a new Java Keytool keysKeystore, generate a Certificate Signing Request (CSR) and import certificates. Before you import the primary certificate for your domain, you need to first import any root or intermediate certificates.
(1) Import a root or intermediate CA certificate to an existing Java keystore
(2) Import a signed primary certificate to an existing Java keystore
(3) Generate a keystore and self-signed certificate
(4) Generate Key Pair & Java Keystore
(5) Generate CSR for existing Java Keystore
For Checking
Users can check the information within a certificate or Java keystore by using the following commands:
(1) Check an individual certificate
(2) Check certificates in Java keystore
(3) Check specific keystore entry using an alias
Other Java Keytool Commands
(1) Delete a certificate from Java Keystore keystore
(2) Change the password in Java keystore / Change a Java keystore password
Keytool Create Keystore From Certificate And Private Key
(3) Export certificate from Java keystore
(4) List the trusted CA Certificate
(5) Import new CA into Trusted Certs
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